Finance news is fuelling Growth of Economy

Finance news is fuelling Growth of Economy

Money Matters so it makes headlines and breaking news. Faltering or regaining currency gained and lost points on companies in stock market, mutual funds, investments and returns on investments etc are prime news and sell like hot cookie in the Economy news and finance news market. With increased number of options to multiply money, the confusion and doubt is ought to increase many folds. So much of information and data is there to assimilate and analyze that we virtually resist the responsibility of risk to be taken. Then also we do accept such challenges because they are the only way to know how money works in favor of its own growth. Stock Market news is generally witnessed to be rewarding for long-term players in the market. For short term played a keen eye for discerning the fleeting opportunity is requisite else the risk with money is huge. Lots of related issues are important as well.

We need to pay attention when we work for money and when money works for us. Giving our services to meet demands of society (latent or otherwise) we are making ourselves eligible for getting paid. Then come our dreams and their manifestations for which we set a time limit and accrue wealth to achieve the same in that time span. Putting money on Stock Market is one such way. SEBI, the market regulator has made provisions to keep cash in the market for all necessary flows of money that are meant to keep a nation financially active. Stock Market news follows every activity. Every financial institution becomes part of this flow by one way or the other.

Being financially aware hence becomes very crucial if we don't want to miss on everything that awareness is going to reward us with. Even analysis is not a forte for every one. What most people can do in this regard is not to loose insight provided by Economy news and Finance News. For those who have access to such data and consultancy it can also present as lifetime idea of Entrepreneurship.

People in India don't like risks in general and spend better part of their time avoiding it. Now the trend if reversing because of the involvement people has with money accompanied by greed and desire. The pace has been set by Economy news of India's growth. People now believe that money can even erase the stigma put intentionally to not let them motivate themselves. All of these made financial news of country and businesses important to be learned so that they could be used to reap benefits as in from Stock Market News. Money will matter till eternity.

Providing Best Deals In India For The People Through India Online Shopping

Providing Best Deals In India For The People Through India Online Shopping

Internet has not only provided information, but has given the opportunity to the general public to make the most of the information. The sector of products and goods has had a growth spurt in recent years, and all of it is credited to the internet. Through World Wide Web, various online shopping sites in India are finding customers that can avail of the products, without having to come out of the homes.

The order for different products can be given online and those particular items reach the home, in the quickest time possible. Payment for the said goods is also done quite conveniently through the credit cards and net banking facilities, which are provided by the Online shopping India portals.

The business has grown stupendously, but with it comes the threat of competition. As more and more numbers of companies are taking the internet way to market and sell their products, the spirit of competitiveness is bound to creep in. The sale of products, one would obviously think, would be affected.

But with the deals India, the scenario doesn't become as people would have expected. These hot deals have had a great impact in the manner in which the commerce in the world of internet is being done. Online shopping deals in India offer a variety of online deals for grabs by the people and that too quite enticingly.

For the people, the online deals simply mean that there is a reduction in the costs of the various products, which comes with a limit of the time period. When the shopping through the portals is done within a specified time period, the deals India remain valid, and people can put their claims on these deals.

In the course of such offers, occasionally the hot deals come up, which allow people to purchase the products in demand at very low costs, which otherwise wouldn't be so possible in normal conditions. This is what puts the factor of lucrative, in the products. Now, people need to be alert about these deals, which are found in the portals. If by any means, the different India online shopping deals are presented in front of the consumer in one place, and then these deals would be known by them. In such a portal, these different kinds of deals, in one item or the other, would accumulate to provide a daily deal, which is more interesting.

The consumers, who are eager to capitalize on any chance to save money, would readily take up the opportunity when they come across the Best deals. On the other end, the retailers and shopkeepers are also in benefit as they are able to sell their products, and also let people know about their online site and indirectly advertise their companies. With multiple benefits, the array of daily deal has become one of the common features in the internet

 

 

SEO & SMO- Two effective online marketing practices!

SEO & SMO- Two effective online marketing practices!

Online Marketing practices are adopted by most of the brand owners. An online marketing campaign provides the ability to freely market products or services at an incredible low cost and also provides rich/desired impact on target groups. Some marketers opine that nearly any product can be sold through internet marketing. The payments for those sales can also be collected conveniently through online. Online marketing overtakes traditional practices of marketing. Also targeting worldwide audience, an online campaign has the potential to reach even the most remote places.  SEO (Search Engine Optimization) and SMO (Social Media Optimization) - these two are two most common forms of online marketing brand owners extensively use.  SEO services and SMO Services offered by any online or digital agency that provides other online marketing services such as PPC, Link Building, Email marketing etc. SMO and SEO India are emerging as two best career options for a wide range of internet marketing savvy candidates.
Advantages of online marketing-
It is a must to adopt online marketing practices for your brand. Any internet marketing service provides overwhelming impact on target groups if practiced through the implementation of the right techniques and methodologies. Through an online campaign, the brand owner can reach out everyone who surfs internet. This provides him a large market for his brand to participate in the competition. The whole world can go through the campaign and seek the details. This global approach of an internet marketing campaign is one of its biggest assets.
There are also some cons of online marketing.  An online marketing practice requires tremendous amount of skill. For example, if one is interested in SEO activities, he or she cannot simply start his/her activity. He/she should have the skillsets to practices SEO activities for a particular brand or business. Little knowledge is dangerous applies equally for every online campaign. With less experience or skillset it is not possible to provide the targeted result of the campaign. The same goes for SMO practices. One needs to be aware and updated about the various trends of social networking sites and promote his brand in such a way that the client avails of maximum benefit from the campaign. A strong foundation of English language is again a must to profess and practice SEO or SMO activities. Positioning or building the image of a brand can be tough in today's competitive market. So, in order to provide an easy and effective online business, some techniques and tactics should be implemented. All in all, incorporating successful and result orienting techniques online marketing such as SEO & SMO require proper training and skillset.

The LED Lighting Areas Business Expanded in July

The LED Lighting Areas Business Expanded in July

In July, some areas are related to LED manufacturers place a "relationship." Such as China (Shanghai) International LED Industry Technology Exhibition and LED light and city illumination Fair held in Shenzhen LED industry standard alliance established in Dongguan Changhe Electronics to expand the field of LED, LED lighting industry, new decentralized electricity market ...

These are telling people, in July are LED, 7 month we should pay attention to LED.



Dongguan Changhe Electronics to expand the field of LED.The past two years, the domestic LED application boom not only attracts many enterprises to enter the LED in the field finished, even some of the upstream parts suppliers have also turned to LED, start snatch market share.Recently, reporters from Dongguan Changhe Electronics Co., Ltd. General Manager Wing Cheong, Romulus Department learned that the long river of electronic reserves has been active in the power LED technology and talent. LED business since 2008, according to the second half of his breakthrough, flew into pursuit of the new lighting market, which is cut into the LED business this year, according to their field of reason.



It is understood that before Dongguan Changhe Electronics Co., Ltd. is specialized in producing well-known terminal parts business, Op, three male? Aurora and other industry-leading enterprises are the core customers. As a professional manufacturer of accessories business, began to expand the field according to the LED business, that the LED industry, more and more popular by the company. Power LED lighting industry to bring new products to Linyi.10 to 11 July, Jiangsu, Shandong, Shenzhen, electronic lighting the second dealer meeting held in Zhichun Lake Resort.



Xuwen Peng, general manager of electric lighting industry, marketing director Yang Yuhui, fair and square lighting, general manager Ji Peng, Linyi Lamps City Manager Xing Fei and nearly 100 dealers throughout the meeting.It is open and aboveboard Lighting general manager Ji Peng said the meeting focused on the new LED's. Shandong Electric lighting industry market sales target this year is 7,000,000 yuan. LED new products to market, dealers have more confidence to complete the objectives and tasks throughout the year.



Shanghai Xin Gu Optoelectronics Exhibition "flashing eyes".July 7 -10, the "China (Shanghai) International LED Industry Technology Exhibition and LED light and city illumination Exhibition" in Shanghai New International Expo Centre. From Langfang Xin Gu optoelectronic multi-faceted light LED light bulbs, has attracted the attention of many exhibitors and visitors has become one of the highlights show. "Our multi-faceted LED light bulbs have access to global patents, it is 360 light, 3W can completely replace the incandescent 25W.



Other non-ultraviolet and infrared radiation, life span up to 35,000 hours. R & D success, in hotels, shopping malls and other commercial in the field acclaimed. "Gu Xin Hang Hong Jieshao PV market, said Minister.It is learned, Xin Gu Optoelectronics was founded in 2001, its successful multi-faceted research and development of LED light source, the full realization of the replacement of traditional incandescent and achieved a number of global patents.Ao Keni involved in LED lighting.Recently, in Linyi Linyi Ao Keni Lighting LED Lamps City to operate the franchised outlets. It is understood that Linyi Lamps City since last year moved to new markets, engaged in LED business users to 80, while the LED is turned specialized households 3 times.



Li Zhen, general manager, according to Ao Keni lighting introduced after they have been operating ceiling and other home lighting products, with the newspaper industry, the constant publicity and the demand for city lighting of the LED, they are more recognized in the future development trend of LED, that LED will will replace the traditional light source, and the profit margin is relatively large, the earlier the involvement the better.It is reported that Ao Keni shops area of more than 80 square meters, the initial purchase of 20 million, in order to attract more customers to work with, they put a lot of energy facade decoration.

 

LED Lighting Industry Chain Will Grow Perfect in Crisis

LED Lighting Industry Chain Will Grow Perfect in Crisis
As governments around the world in green energy-saving environmental protection reached a consensus on the future with green energy-related industries brightest prospects. At present, despite the global economic crisis has no clear sign of abating, but the Chinese government's encouragement, the Chinese LED lighting industry is rapidly taking heat, called in 2009 for the LED lighting the first year, the Chinese LED lighting industry chain will be in this economic crisis rapid growth and improvement.



First, the government vigorously promote LED lighting industry.Looking at the global market, government subsidies to promote industrial development in Examples abound, such as solar power in Germany spread to every family is a good example of success. Today our government's 21 City 10 000 LED lights plan is one in the sub-prime crisis to stimulate domestic demand and expansion of the world's largest market, a good way! In 2009 the Chinese government to stimulate domestic demand to carry out "10 City 10 000" LED lighting and energy saving popular sports, and today has a clear LED in 21 cities to develop according to each towns to more than 10,000 LED lights, street lamps and 24 hours of continuous country use The tunnel lights became the focus of the first replacement project, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen Metro has started universal LED fluorescent lamp energy saving projects.



Therefore, the LED lighting market is further expanded and spread to the world to bring LED lighting industry, technology and production capacity to the depth of the development of high technology, created a number of emerging LED lighting industry chain enterprises, create new employment opportunities.So far the central government has made it clear there are 21 major cities nationwide to enter "10 City 10 000" program, which will drive the rapid development of China's LED lighting industry, LED industry in our country, the middle and lower reaches of the rapid expansion of domestic demand growth to LED lighting technology industry chain have access to all relevant practical application of quality improvement and new development so that people across the country can have on the personal experience of LED lighting knowledge, help a few years LED lighting into the 1000 million Massive demand for users, enabling China to become the world's largest production base for LED lighting, the same time, China is the largest market for LED lighting.



This effect will continue five or ten years, until the birth of the next generation lighting technology. Currently in South China, East China, North China has seen vigorous development of LED lighting industry, allows us to see the spring, LED green lighting as six or seven o'clock in the morning sun rising.In the "City 10000 10" schemes, there is a LED components must meet the provisions of 6 percent, which is a good measure, we should work to have a responsibility to vigorously improve the LED lighting system, localization rate, we should encourage China's national enterprises, and our engineers strive to LED lighting, LED driver IC, modern style lamps, optical design, thermal systems. . .



Have achieved world-class level. Taiwan's LED industry, technology has been taking the forefront in the world, so we should be made in the domestic concept of Greater China, should include Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao products and technologies in three areas. Domestic enterprises should actively introduce advanced Western and Japanese LED technology, and should promote more use of domestic products, particularly Taiwan, Hong Kong technologically advanced LED-related products, as far as possible use of our resources, spare parts, as far as products to improve localization rate, Chinese-made LED lighting contribute more to global marketing.



Second, the subprime crisis have an impact on the LED lighting industry? Sub-prime crisis on the impact of LED lighting industry is not large, because the global LED lighting industry and are just step into Kai, LED lighting is still further perfected various techniques, LED lighting lamps and lanterns have not yet entered high-volume production stage, LED light source also working to improve the brightness, LED constant current driver IC are also working to improve accuracy and expand the range of input voltage, LED lighting system design are also working to address the efficiency of heat and light. . .



The Chinese government is promoting the 21 city 10 000 LED lights project will certainly lead the LED lighting industry chain of China's development, China's LED lighting technology will be to the world summit, creating a large number of LED lighting industry chain enterprises, expansion of employment, there China's electronics industry will help bring out the shadow of the financial crisis. LED green lighting the mass market and a steady increase in demand will trigger a few years, the consumer electronics market, has a super-tsunami!

Innovation in Japan : Samurai go soft

Innovation in Japan : Samurai go soft

Japan’s preference for hardware over software is fading

“A SAMURAI would never write software!” barked a senior executive at one of Japan’s biggest electronics firms, as drinks flowed at a dinner party. His view is widely held in Japan. Monozukuri (making things) is macho. From sword-forging in feudal times to machines and microchips today, real men toil tirelessly to make things you can see. Services are for sissies.
But like the traditional samurai hairstyle (shaved pate and topknot), such attitudes are looking increasingly out of date. Writing business software is now a growing business in Japan. The country’s large electronics companies are buying into the sector. Even foreign companies are coming to Japan in search of programming talent.
Software firms typically make fatter profit margins than hardware firms. The best ones easily hit 30%; electronics firms struggle to reach 5%. The software business needs fewer people and less capital; handy for a country with a shrinking population and tight-fisted banks. Jobs at big electronics firms are scarce, and the work is sometimes boring. Small wonder that Japan’s young, creative engineers are getting in touch with their inner sissy.

Japan has long made popular video-game software—just ask the Mario Brothers. Yet its computer makers have done little to foster independent software businesses. On the contrary, by bundling programs free with machines, they taught customers that software was of little value, says Kazuyuki Motohashi of the University of Tokyo. They also locked customers in, making it costly and cumbersome to switch to rivals.

The result is that Japan’s software industry is underdeveloped. Since 2008 Japanese software firms have lost 20% of their market value, even as software firms elsewhere grew by 15%. In software spending relative to GDP Japan ranks 35th, around the level of Saudi Arabia, according to INSEAD, a business school.
Japanese code has tended to be inferior, says William Saito, an entrepreneur who sold his software company to Microsoft years ago. This is because it mirrored the shortcomings of Japan’s business culture: it was written in a hierarchical way that outsiders would have trouble building on, when the trend in America and Europe was exactly the opposite.

A transition is under way, however. Firms such as Rakuten, an online shopping mall, and DeNA, a developer of games for mobile devices, have reached global prominence. So has Trend Micro, a big security software firm. Small companies are succeeding too, such as Cybozu, which makes collaboration software. And Japan has begun filing international software-related patents galore (see chart). Only America files more.
An example of Japan’s shift to software is Ruby, a programming language that undergirds big websites such as those of Twitter and Groupon. It was created in Japan by Yukihiro Matsumoto, and counts 1m developers around the world. Marc Benioff, the boss of Salesforce.com, a large “cloud computing” firm in Silicon Valley, sees opportunities everywhere in Japan. Over the past year the company paid $212m for Heroku, which develops web services based on Ruby, and acquired stakes in Synergy Marketing, Uhuru and Netyear, three business-software firms.
Old hardware companies want a slice of the software sashimi. Most are looking abroad. On July 1st NTT, Japan’s incumbent telecoms operator, said it would acquire OpSource, a cloud-computing software firm in California, for $90m through its South African software subsidiary, Dimension Data, which NTT acquired last year for $3.3 billion. Hitachi and Toshiba are hunting for software firms, too. Fujitsu, a big hardware firm, already gets two-thirds of its revenue and nearly all its profits from software and services.
Japan’s indigenous software industry faces several obstacles. The country lacks venture capital, a vibrant stockmarket and angel investors with technical knowledge to nurture start-ups. And its big, slow firms tend to suffocate the small fry, says Fujiyo Ishiguro, the founder of Netyear, an online-marketing software firm (and one of the few female bosses of a publicly-listed company in Japan).
For now, hardware is king. Newspapers cheered when Riken and Fujitsu unveiled the world’s fastest supercomputer in June. But the shift towards the intangible is inevitable, says Ms Ishiguro. Japan’s sissies are tougher than they look.

Charlemagne : The euro's real trouble

Charlemagne : The euro's real trouble

The crisis of the single currency is political as much as financial

Jul 14th 2011 | from the print edition

ANYONE struggling to understand why Europe has proved incapable of putting an end to the euro’s crisis might find answers in a bad-tempered dinner at a summit on October 28th 2010. The argument was over a demand by the leaders of Germany and France, made days earlier at Deauville, for a treaty change to create a permanent system to rescue countries unable to pay their debts. Everyone groaned. It had taken years of tribulation to agree on the European Union’s Lisbon treaty, which had only recently come into effect. But they bowed to Angela Merkel, the German chancellor, who wanted to prevent any challenge to the new system by Germany’s constitutional court.
However, Jean-Claude Trichet, president of the European Central Bank (ECB), worried about something else: her demand that future bail-outs must include “adequate participation of private creditors”, meaning losses for bondholders. That could only alarm the markets, he thought, still jittery after the Greek crisis in the spring. “You don’t realise the gravity of the situation…” began Mr Trichet. But he was cut off by the French president, Nicolas Sarkozy, who interjected, one Frenchman to another: “Perhaps you speak to bankers. We, we are answerable to our citizens.” Mrs Merkel chimed in: taxpayers could not be asked to foot the whole bill, not when they had just paid to save the banks.
The politicians won the day. But Mr Trichet’s worries have also been vindicated, as contagion has spread and is now engulfing Italy (see article). The dinner-table row illustrates how, throughout the sovereign-debt crisis, the requirements of financial crisis-management have collided with political, legal and emotional priorities. Indeed, the euro’s woes are as much about politics as about finance. European officials such as Mr Trichet parrot that the euro zone’s overall debt and deficit are sounder than America’s. Yet Europe lacks the big federal budgets and financial institutions to redistribute income and absorb economic shocks. And it has no single polity to mediate tensions within and between member countries. It is hard enough to get Californians to save Wall Street bankers; no wonder Germans bristle when they are asked to rescue Greek bureaucrats.

A Brief History Of Gold

A Brief History Of Gold
Gold has a place in history regardless of the country of origin. Perhaps it has to do with the fact that gold is seen as a common currency in every country in the world. Gold sees no boundaries. History states that gold coins have been minted since around 670 BC when King Gyges of Turkey minted some gold coins for his personal currency when traveling. The Roman Legions were apprehensive when Julius Caesar first issued gold coins as payment for their service. However, the tune soon changed when the legions realized that the gold coins actually increased in value.

Today, bouillon gold coins have a face value that is pretty much just symbolic. The true value of a gold bouillon is the gold weight by content and the ever-fluctuating price of gold on the world market. A one-ounce gold coin is worth the market value of one ounce of gold minus around 5% for minting and shipping. Of course, bouillon coins come in various common weights: 1/20 of an ounce, 1/10 of an ounce, 1/4 of an ounce, 1/2 of an ounce and finally a one-ounce coin. Gold bouillon is a legal tender and gold coins are guaranteed authentic by the country of origin. Almost anyone can purchase and sell gold coins because of the diverse market acceptance.

In 1489, King Henry VII introduced the first gold currency into the world market. In Britain during World War I, Britain issues banknotes because gold bouillon was needed to finance the war. Soon, these banknotes completely replaced the use of gold sovereign. The gold sovereign ceased gold mint production in 1917 and started again in 1925. Then production was stopped for World War I and restarted in 1957.

There are many famous finds of gold in various regions of the world. These gold finds caused huge gold rushes. Gold rushes caused large amounts of people to migrate to these areas. Such places as the Klondike Gold Rush of Alaska, which occurred at Forty-Mile creek in 1886. In August of 1869, gold was then discovered at Bonanza Creek - a part of Klondike River, Yukon Territory. In the one-year starting in the winter of 1896 and ending in 1897, miners pulled out millions of dollars in gold bouillon. In the year 1915, over $50 million USD was exported from Alaska to the United States. The 1898 gold rush was a modern event. With the addition of media, the gold rush had world wide media coverage. This media coverage sent people rushing to the gold locations.

The history of gold is an amazing display of human endurance. It is estimated that only 120 to 140 thousand tons of gold is available above ground. Surprisingly, there is only $1.8 trillion USD total in gold above the ground. Compare that to the total US debt of almost $7 trillion USD. In addition, only $375 billion USD is held in reserves at banks around the world; $1.3 trillion USD in gold is owned by private parties.
 

2011-06-14 Standard Chartered $5,000 gold price forecast

2011-06-14 Standard Chartered $5,000 gold price forecast

An analysis by the Standard Chartered bank suggests that the gold price will triple due to shortages in gold production. The bank's research team looked at the production levels of 345 gold mines and came to the conclusion that the gold production will be only 3.6% annualy over the next five years. The demand for gold, however, has been growing at a much faster pace, driven by purchases of gold by Asian central banks. This forecast is unique for two reasons: first, most gold price predictions are based on inflationary and crisis scenarios, while this one looks at the supply-demand equation. Second, banks usually tend to be rather conservative in their gold price predictions. An interesting read, indeed.

The Republican nominee : Room for an electable conservative

The Republican nominee : Room for an electable conservative

HENRY OLSEN of the American Enterprise Institute did a splendid job of predicting the result of last year's mid-term elections. Now, in National Affairs, he has written the best piece I have seen so far to look at the voters who will end up choosing the Republican nominee for 2012 rather than looking at the candidates themselves. His first point is crucial: that although the media focus on the most conservative Republicans and on the tea-party movement, it is in fact moderate (or "dispositional") Republicans who will determine the winner.

The distinction between dispositional and ideological conservatives is often subtle; as a result, the breakdown is difficult to capture neatly in public-opinion polls. It is, however, approximated by the distinction made in some polls between Republican voters who identify themselves as "somewhat conservative" and those who identify as "very conservative." And as exit-poll data from the 1996, 2000, and 2008 Republican presidential primaries and caucuses show, these different types of "conservatives" prefer very different types of presidential candidates. Very conservative Republicans favor rhetorically aggressive champions of conservative ideology. Somewhat-conservative Republicans, on the other hand, tend to prefer established candidates — people who, while generally in agreement with ideological conservatives in their positions on the issues, are not as strident when it comes to ideology, rhetoric, or temperament.
It is worth noting that these somewhat-conservative voters make up a majority of Republican primary voters who identify as conservative. Polls taken in late 2010 and early 2011 show that conservatives comprise between 66% and 71% of Republicans and GOP-leaning independents. Most pollsters do not break conservatives into "somewhat" and "very" categories, but a mid-October 2010 Wall Street Journal poll asked if respondents were "very conservative" or "just conservative." At the height of Tea Party fervor within the GOP, "just conservatives" outnumbered "very conservatives," 36% to 34%.
In 2008, somewhat-conservative voters were an even larger share of the GOP electorate. Looking at state-by-state exit polls during the period before John McCain clinched the nomination, "somewhat conservative" voters averaged about 35% of the electorate. Moreover, somewhat conservatives outnumbered very conservatives in all but four Southern states. In many early states this advantage was sizable. In Florida and Michigan, somewhat conservatives outnumbered very conservatives by a nearly 3-2 margin; in New Hampshire, their margin was nearly 2-1. Even in supposedly ultra-conservative South Carolina, somewhat conservatives and very conservatives tied with 34% of the GOP electorate, with moderates and liberals nearly even at 32%. Given their number and distribution throughout key states, these somewhat-conservative voters generally have enormous influence over what kind of presidential candidate the Republican Party tends to nominate.

As for the tea-party movement,

The depth of Tea Party support, too, is less than previously thought. The April NBC/Wall Street Journal poll also asked Republican Tea Party supporters whether it was more accurate to describe them as Republicans or Tea Partiers. Only slightly more than half of Republicans who supported the Tea Party — or about 30% of the entire Republican electorate — said they identified themselves principally as Tea Partiers. The other half said they were better described as Republicans. The Tea Party is certainly vocal and will remain a powerful force within Republican politics through 2012; it does not, however, represent anything close to a majority of Republicans, and so will not be the sole arbiter of who becomes the GOP's nominee.
But moderates are an important part of the Republican voting bloc — and they may be especially crucial in 2012. Polls show that moderates comprise between 30% and 35% of the expected Republican electorate. And in 2008, in states with early primaries — such as New Hampshire, Michigan, and Florida — moderates' share of the electorate was between 39% and 45%. This cohort is likely to remain large despite the rise of the Tea Party, because most states either permit registered independents to vote in party primaries or do not have party registration at all. As a result, many primary elections are left open to all voters. Since President Obama will almost certainly run unopposed, independents in 2012 are much likelier to vote in the GOP primary than in the Democratic one. If there is only one candidate tailoring his appeal to moderate Republicans and independents, he is likely to garner a large share of the vote.
Indeed, a would-be dark horse candidate who devotes too much of his message to pet Tea Party themes risks alienating the 2012 GOP contest's truly underserved constituency: Republican moderates. Because of its role in the 2010 Republican resurgence, an enormous amount of attention is being paid to the Tea Party. And some of the most prominent candidates of this cycle have abandoned past moderate stands in order to "check the boxes" of conservative orthodoxy leading up to 2012. As a result, the GOP's moderate bloc has been largely overlooked.

The debt ceiling : The McConnell gambit

The debt ceiling : The McConnell gambit

WHAT to make of Mitch McConnell's plan for raising the debt ceiling without an agreement on spending and taxes? I outsource to the excellent David Hawkings of Congressional Quarterly, a sister organisation of The Economist.

For all of its dismissive nicknames — “last-ditch option,” “Hail Mary punt” and “Pass the Buck Act” seem to be the most popular — McConnell’s idea really could be just the sort of surprising, bold and complicated maneuver needed to get around the coming budgetary calamity ...

Going with the McConnell option will forestall the sort of panicked Wall Street sell-off that might have been needed in the next three weeks to pressure the most liberal and most conservative lawmakers to acquiesce in an actual deal. It gives Obama fiscal stability on which to run the government and on which to run for re-election. It gives Boehner a way to avoid either capitulating on his call for a 1-to-1 ratio of spending cuts to debt ceiling increases — or reversing his fealty to the no-new-taxes position he’s been forced into by Cantor and the GOP caucus’s tea party majority. And (without choking on the details) it would still give every congressional Republican at least three and maybe six chances to cast a politically potent but ultimately meaningless vote before Election Day 2012 against raising the debt limit, while forcing Democrats to cast just as many votes in favor of the extra borrowing.

The biggest potential downside, and it’s a significant one, is that the people who voted for a Republican House so that it could make bold and politically risky decisions will view this as a too-clever-by-half cave-in. That’s the sentiment that most worries (and at the same time bucks up) the 87 freshmen, who sound like they want the next three weeks to be filled with all the brinkmanship, high drama and confrontation with a president they distrust as they imagined as candidates. And so they may yet insist with their “no” votes on any compromise that the moribund talks keep going up to, or even beyond, the appointed hour for falling into the budgetary abyss.

Lexington : Dicing with debt and the future

Lexington

Dicing with debt and the future

The Theory of Inevitable Compromise, and why it is probably wrong

• 

“WE HAVE a system of government in which everybody has to give a little bit.” So said Barack Obama at the start of this week. But parse that sentence. Does the president mean that America already has a system in which everybody has to give a little bit? Or does he mean only that it ought to have such a system? It is not too much to say that the country’s economic well-being hangs on the answer.
As the whole world knows, America’s government is in danger of defaulting after August 2nd unless Congress raises the federal debt ceiling so that it can keep borrowing enough to pay its bills. For a while the markets assumed that because a default would be so scary, Republicans and Democrats would have in the end to agree on the spending cuts the Republican-controlled House demanded as its price for raising the ceiling. The Theory of Inevitable Compromise was that each party would have to give a bit because voters will punish whichever proves too stubborn. But here are eight reasons to wonder whether the theory is true.
First, for the theory to work, both parties need to believe that failing to raise the ceiling will trigger a default and the “huge financial calamity” Ben Bernanke, the chairman of the Fed, gave warning of this week. Not all Republicans do believe that. John Boehner, the House speaker, is a believer, but the freshmen who bobbed into Congress last November on a tidal wave of tea are not. Some say that the government could keep paying foreign creditors by slashing domestic spending, and that this would be just fine—even though Mr Obama refuses to guarantee even that Social Security (pension) cheques would go out without a deal.

Second, the Republicans are divided among themselves. The party’s leader in the Senate, Mitch McConnell, has aired a convoluted last-ditch plan that would avert a default by letting Mr Obama increase the ceiling even without a spending agreement between the parties, provided he makes cuts of the same size. Senior Democrats have welcomed the idea, but Eric Cantor, the Republican majority leader in the House, has not. Mr Cantor had already rejected Mr Boehner’s secretive attempt to negotiate what could have been an historic bargain with Mr Obama embracing a higher tax take (anathema to Republicans) as well as vast reductions in entitlement spending (music to their ears).

Noises off are the third problem. Outside Congress, the Republicans’ presidential wannabes are taking up their starting positions for 2012. Craving power but not yet possessing it, these hopefuls are not constrained by responsibility. Indeed, further economic trouble on Mr Obama’s watch might suit them nicely. Whether for this reason or from conviction, most profess themselves unfazed by the prospect of a failure to raise the debt ceiling. Newt Gingrich called Mr McConnell’s last resort “an irresponsible surrender to big government”. Michele Bachmann says she is proud never to have voted for raising the debt ceiling in the past.
Fourth, the Theory of Inevitable Compromise holds that fear of the voters will push the parties together. But which voters? Candidates in the general election of November 2012 would not want to be thought reckless. That election, however, is an age away. Republican candidates and the new House members are now fixated not on voters in general, who want the parties to co-operate, but on the more ideological ones who will vote in the primaries. Many of these do not want the debt ceiling to rise.
Why not? In part because, fifth, the theory assumes that voters understand what the debt ceiling is. This assumption is almost certainly false. Many are under the misapprehension that it is a vote to authorise new spending, not permission to pay the bills that this and earlier Congresses have already run up. According to Gallup, 60% of Republicans, 46% of independents and 21% of Democrats oppose increasing the debt ceiling at all.
Just crying wolf
Couldn’t politicians explain things better? Dream on. The sixth argument against the Theory of Inevitable Compromise is the virtual impossibility in today’s polarised America of shaping a consensus. In the 1930s Franklin Roosevelt delivered soothing chats explaining the theory of banking. But the president’s bully pulpit is not what it was before the rise of partisan cable television and the cacophony of the blogosphere empowered the obfuscators. For every commentator wringing his hands over the danger of default, another accuses the “liberals” of crying wolf.
Seventh, the listless state of the economy makes it hard for politicians of both parties to do the hard things that are needed to reduce the deficit. The Republicans say rightly that increasing the tax burden would damage jobs and growth. Democrats are right to retort that so would the spending cuts the Republicans want.
Last, and most important, both sides have made a stand on principles that will be hard to abandon without losing face. The Republicans’ is that there can be no increase in tax revenues, because that is how public spending ratchets ever higher. The Democrats’ is that a deal that reduces the deficit by spending cuts alone would fall too heavily on the most vulnerable Americans.
Over the past few weeks, however, Mr Obama has at least shown himself open to compromise, by proposing a mix of spending cuts and tax increases, tilted heavily towards the former. By midweek, a few anxious Republican voices were beginning to argue that their side had held firm long enough, and had better bend too if it did not want to be blamed for the approaching calamity. Senator McConnell said that a default could “destroy” the Republican brand. But the zealots in the House were continuing to stand firm as the clock ticked down. On July 13th Moody’s put the United States on review for a downgrade. This is a season of dangerous brinkmanship in America. Compromise may still be possible, but there is nothing inevitable about it.

Business Ideas:10 Businesses You Can Start for $500 or Less!

Business Ideas:10 Businesses You Can Start for $500 or Less!

Long time statistics have shown that 9 out of 10 new businesses fail in their first year. Lack of planning and financial ruin is one of the most common causes. Starting small is a way to insure minimal risk in new business. The founder of Dell computers was a college dropout on a shoe-string budget who started his business out of his garage. One in three computers sold today is a Dell.

The following is a list of just some of the businesses you can start for $500 or less.

1. Housekeeping – Requirements/ household cleaners, mop, broom, vacuum, towels, bucket, business cards – approximate cost $150. Molly Maids is a multi-million dollar business started with a broom, a mop, and quality and reliable service. I can guarantee you that the CEO of Molly Maids doesn’t clean houses any longer.

2. Gardening or landscaping – Requirements/ mower, edger, blower, rake, shovel, clippers, business cards – approximate cost $450. Some education won’t hurt you here, but even without it, how much money did you make mowing the neighbors yard when you were young?

3. Internet sales – Requirements/ computer – approximate cost $500. It’s likely you already have a computer at home so this just might be the cheapest and easiest business to start. It has been estimated that by the year 2020, nearly all retail purchases will be done over the World Wide Web. Getting on the bandwagon now may set you up for a prosperous internet business in the near future. Look into working with “drop ship” companies to avoid up front expense and storage fees.

4. Mobile food service – Requirements/ business cards – approximate cost $30. With a half hour lunch break, employees at many companies have little time to leave work and order lunch. Providing a morning menu for lunchtime delivery can be helpful to these people and provide a good source of income for you. Your job? Call in the order, pick it up, and deliver it; for a fee of course. Delivering 15 lunches to one company at $3 to $5 profit apiece can add up quick. Or how about a hot dog cart at special events?

5. Pool service – Requirements/ pool cleaning supplies, start-up chemicals, brush, net, hose, business cards – Approximate cost $400. States with warmer climates have many homes with swimming pools needing weekly care. Service to numerous homes in the same area can net you a small fortune. Business cards on the door or mailbox lets the homeowner know you are available. It may take some time to get a solid clientele, but be patient; established pool service routes can be very valuable if and when you decide to call it quits.

6. Consulting service – Requirements/ know-how, business cards – Approximate cost $30. What do you know that might be of monetary value to others? Sell your smarts!

7. Delivery service – Requirements/ the car, scooter, or bicycle you may already have/ business cards – Approximate cost $30. A great business within large city limits. Corporations, small businesses, restaurants, etc. may be in need of delivery services. Whether it is paper documents, payrolls, food, or other items, delivery services can be a steady and profitable business.

8. Painter – Requirements/ brushes, rollers, edger’s, towels, tarps, business cards – Approximate cost $200. Visit local hardware stores to let them know you are available for work and will purchase paint through their stores. Their referrals may keep you busy for months at a time.

9. Handyman – Requirements/ basic tools, business cards – Approximate cost $500. Depending on they type of jobs you acquire in this business, a contractors license may eventually be required. Check with your local and state government offices to determine at what point you will need one.

10. Daycare – Requirements/ toys, educational materials, bedding, a safe and clean home, love – Approximate cost $300. This business requires patience and child care experience. If you care for more than three children at one time, it’s likely you will be required to be licensed. Check with your local and state government offices for restrictions and requirements.

Most of these business start-up ideas will require an additional two items you likely already have; an automobile and a telephone. But otherwise, they are super simple and easy to start new businesses suitable for nearly anyone wanting to become self-employed.

The key to having a successful business is to do what you would enjoy doing anyway. Make a list of the things you like to do and follow that with an extended list of ways to make money in a related business. Be creative with your business idea, there are many more options available for you than you probably realize!

Live Gold Prices 2011 - Price of Gold Coins 2011 - Silver Prices 2011

Live Gold Prices 2011 - Price of Gold Coins 2011 - Silver Prices 2011
Live Gold Prices 2011 - Price of Gold Coins 2011 - Silver Prices 2011
Get the current gold price, live gold prices, world gold prices, London gold prices, gold spot price, gold price today in the U.S., and gold bullion prices online. If you want more precious metals info or want to check gold coin prices, please shop Austin Rare Coins & Bullion or the Gold Information Network. Gold price questions? Feel free to call seven days a week 9am to 9pm central time at 1-800-928-6468.

Click for Today's Best Gold Buys
Visit the Gold Information Network for today's best buys and live gold prices on gold coins, gold bullion, gold American Eagles, and 2011 world coins.

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The decision to add gold to your portfolio is a serious one. We recommend you research gold prices and the gold bullion coin market carefully before making an investment in gold. For the best gold price, you should call and ask for cash and quantity discounts with a leading gold dealer like Austin Rare Coins & Bullion who sell gold online.

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Today's Best American Eagle Gold Buys
The lowest gold prices and all the facts on securing non-reportable, private gold coins, gold bullion prices, and American Eagles.

Organo Gold Business - How To Make Money With Organo Gold

Organo Gold Business - How To Make Money With Organo Gold
Organo Gold give you the opportunity to earn an unlimited income. By selling their range of healthy coffees and nutraceuticals, you could be a millionaire in a few short years. But of course, you could earn nothing. You could spend hours and hours, and all your savings trying to make your Organo Gold business a success, only to be left with nothing. Your business could go either way, it depends on what decisions you make. If you want to make money with Organo Gold, then you need to know how.

To make money with Organo Gold you need to a) sell their products, and b) grow your team. Everyone loves coffee- it's the world's second favorite drink. You would think selling such a popular item, especially one that is healthier for you, would be a piece of cake. Well, you'd be wrong. Success never comes easily. There are so many other people out there selling coffee and nutraceuticals, that your business can easily get lost in the crowd. You're going to have to work extremely hard to stand out.

One of the ways you can distance yourself from the crowd is with an excellent piece of sales copy. The written word is one of the most persuasive tools you have at your disposal. Words are powerful things- by knowing the right thing to say, you can make people desperately crave what you have to offer. The best thing is that you will have a completely different writing style to your competitors. No one else can see inside your mind, so whatever you write will be unique to you and you alone. This is how you will set yourself apart from the pack, and get people's attention.

To make money with Organo Gold, you need to embrace the written word. But once you've written this amazing piece of copy, are you just going to leave it sitting on your desk? Of course not! Use the internet to fully leverage your business and spread your sales message across the country. The combination of great copy and great internet marketing is how you will make money with Organo Gold.

Secure Your Future With The Kb Gold Business!

Secure Your Future With The Kb Gold Business!
The KB Gold Business has an intriguing MLM with loads of possibilities and from people that used great knowledge in the past to start this up. Well aware of the global markets being down. Economies worldwide are suffering.

Euro was supposed to be the savior of Europe from economic recession, but it did not turn out to be so. The investors have therefore considered investing in terms of gold, as the value for gold showed steady growth and was not affected by the economic slowdown. The recession did not seem to end any sooner and this prompted them more to invest in gold.

After studying the market for years I've invested numerous times in Mineral companies and gold exploration companies. It's never let me down.

The idea of an MLM that allows you to monthly convert your savings into gold while convincing your friends, relatives, and the world of the internet to do the same I really believe is a great one. And I also believe, if you are talking with anyone who has any sense of economy it won't be that hard to gain their attention and interest.

The compensation plan is pretty simple. As you build up points you increase the percentage of the total volume you earn. There is nothing fancy about it, it is not so great but it is simple and reliable, like gold, and the more you accumulate, the more profitable it becomes, Kind of Like Gold.

Here are two ways to get people to purchase from you as a KB Gold Business Distributor. First of all they need to sign up for a monthly purchase plan. This works better for you. Earning for every Euro your clients spend on gold. This is a German Company so they do work in Euros.

Second is you may earn points from purchases of gold through you. For large purchases of KB Gold you earn one point for every ten Euros of gold purchased by your clients.

A minimum of 2500 points a month is required for a standard living. It is possible to survive with 1250 points per month but it won't be enough for a classy life style. Skill lies in trying to attain as much points as possible

This shouldn't be difficult convincing people to move their investments and retirement funds into gold based considering the times we currently live in. It should be in the best interest of companies to maintain an honest business so they can truthfully say The KB Gold Business has awesome potential backing it, and I've spent a good amount of time researching global economies, and less time writing reviews and researching MLM companies.

But I have quite a lot of Experience in Both which makes the information I offer you about KB Gold Business information you can trust.

Interesting facts to know about KB Gold business and the Euro on how KB Gold manages their gold distribution. Casing gold pennies inside credit card style plastic units. These cards are accepted by thousands of corporations and companies across Europe. This is the start of a trend with no end in sight and every reason to grow rapidly.

The company confined its operations within Europe when it was established over 16 years ago and is now on the move to establish its presence worldwide. It has now made it presence felt in regions like India, USA, Africa, Canada, South America, UK, Asia, Middle East, Australia and New Zealand.

Even though this is a founded, reliable company with good history you can be close to the top in your country developing further KB Gold Business down line. This is an outstanding idea and a wise investment opportunity. I would say this is an investment and a business opportunity. I do confess the old fashioned and easy compensation plan will take time to really start paying out but gathering gold while patently waiting is not a bad investment/retirement savings plan idea.

So with that said I give The KB Gold Business 4 stars. It has a lot of plusses but much more of them fall within investment opportunities. Again, they have just begun to expand their campaign to Market KB gold as a business so it is very likely they start investing more money into this aspect as we head more towards a gold driven world the potential exists that this company could provide a much better business opportunity than it currently is and that potential could happen rather quickly.

Best of luck to all your Nome Based Businesses!

The Facts on Gold

The Facts on Gold
Gold is a hot topic. China is buying it and TV pitchmen are selling it. The Tea Party – and a growing number of economists – are calling for a return to a gold currency standard. Gold has largely replaced Tupperware at home sales parties and record gold prices are regularly making news.
What's all the excitement about?
Gold is an Element, atomic number 79 and chemical symbol Au. It is further classified as a metal and is considered a precious metal. It is among the heaviest, most malleable and least chemically reactive of metals - gold lost at sea 500 years ago is still shiny and uncorroded. Most important for industrial purposes, gold is an excellent conductor of electricity.
What's the Price of Gold? Gold trades globally. That means that in one form or another, gold is being bought and sold continuously, somewhere in the world, nearly every day. And because supply and demand vary slightly around the globe, the price in a given location may also vary. Vary from what? The London Bullion Market Association publishes the London Gold Fix at 10:30 and 3pm (GMT) every business day. While the Fix prices don't necessarily control any other transaction, they function as the international reference price.
How Much Gold is There? Gold inventory numbers are not easy to come by, nor are they necessarily accurate. Most countries report their official holdings to the International Monetary Fund. Those numbers are then massaged by the private World Gold Council which publishes the most authoritative summary available. Their most recent estimate is that about 30,000 tons of gold are held in reserve by central banks. They also estimate that about 165,000 tons have been mined in all of human history – only enough to form about a 20 meter cube. Finally, geologists estimate that as much as 80% of the world's gold remains unmined – either underground or suspended in seawater.
Gold Weights and Measures The primary system for measuring the mass or weight of gold is the Troy ounce. The standard specification for a London Bullion Market Association bar – the kind you see stacked in vaults – is 350 to 430 Troy ounces, which are not converted to pounds because pricing is based on the ounce. Gold is also traded in grams and kilograms in countries where the metric system prevails. In addition, several Asian countries have measures which are only used within their own borders.
Gold has been a measure and store of value for about 6,000 years – and that probably won't change anytime soon.

Money Gold for cash

Money

Gold for cash 

Amusement aside, the disappointing thing about Ron Paul's goldbuggery is the weakness of the analysis behind it. His support seems almost mystic in nature: that gold is money is a law of economics that's held for 6,000 years! In his defence, this quasi-mystical belief in the sanctity of gold in a monetary system was shared by the world's financial leaders for much of the industrial period. That's not much of a defence, though. Gold worship repeatedly drove the economy into ditches and off cliffs, but for a few lucky years in which the pace of new gold discoveries fortuitously matched growth in the global economy.

Is gold money? No. Money is the medium of exchange. Money is what we use to facilitate transactions in order to capture efficiencies unavailable in a barter economy. You could probably take a gold bar to a store and swap it for something, but that would be a barter-like trade rather than a money-facilited exchange. You and the shopkeeper would have to haggle over the value of one good—the gold—vis-à-vis another and jump through all the hoops money is designed to eliminate.
Gold is a store of value. It's an asset that can be and often is held as a store of wealth. But while gold is not money, it shares a very important characteristic with money: its value (apart from limited industrial uses) is derived from the market's perception that it has value. This is the nugget of truth in Mr Paul's comments. There's nothing all that special about gold except for the fact that over much of human history people have behaved as though there is something special about gold. That belief (and the fact that it's on earth in sufficiently limited quantities) is what makes gold a useful store of value. People think it's valuable because people think it's valuable.
But that's precisely the way that fiat money works. People believe the flimsy pieces of paper we call dollar bills are worth some basket of real goods only because everyone else believes the same thing. The crucial difference in the perception of value is that new gold can only be obtained at great difficulty while new bills can be produced by the truckload at virtually no marginal cost. Gold's inherent supply limitations supported the popular confidence in its value. And when economies began switching to paper money, the link between the new confidence-based currency and the old confidence-based currency was a very useful way to build public faith in the new confidence-based currency.
Across the rich world, the task of establishing sufficient confidence in the value of colourful bits of paper is finished. People are happy to keep their life savings in dollars despite the fact that the gold price of dollars may vary wildly. Central banks around the world gladly hold foreign currency as reserves. This is because central banks have demonstrated that they're basically as good as miners at keeping the value of a medium of exchange predictable.
I understand the view (though I think it's dead wrong) that central banks can't be trusted to keep up this predictability, and that a gold link is necessary to maintain discipline. What I don't understand is the argument for gold that falls back on the mystical, 6,000-year old Law of Economics that shiny yellow metal is somehow special. All Mr Paul is saying is that he prefers old faiths to new ones. It's a great triumph of economics that it's put quite a lot of analytical meat on the bones of monetary theory over the past century. It's a shame that Mr Paul seems not to understand it.

Italy and the euro On the edge

On the edge

By engulfing Italy, the euro crisis has entered a perilous new phase—with the single currency itself now at risk

FOR more than a year the euro zone’s debt drama has lurched from one nail-biting scene to another. First Greece took centre stage; then Ireland; then Portugal; then Greece again. Each time European policymakers reacted similarly: with denial and dithering, followed at the eleventh hour with a half-baked rescue plan to buy time.
This week the shortcomings of this muddling-through were laid bare (see article). Financial markets turned on Italy, the euro zone’s third-biggest economy, with alarming speed. Yields on ten-year Italian bonds jumped by almost a percentage point in two trading days: on July 12th they breached 6%, their highest since the euro was created. The Milan stockmarket slumped to its lowest in two years. Though bond yields subsequently fell back, the debt crisis has clearly entered a new phase. No longer confined to the small peripheral economies of Greece, Ireland and Portugal, it has hurdled over Spain, supposedly next in line, and reached one of the euro zone’s giants. All its members, but especially Germany, face a stark choice.
Consider the stakes. Italy has the biggest sovereign-debt market in Europe and the third-biggest in the world. It has €1.9 trillion ($2.6 trillion) of sovereign debt outstanding, 120% of its GDP, three times as much as Greece, Ireland and Portugal combined—and far more than the €250 billion or so left in the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF), the currency club’s rescue kitty. Default would have calamitous consequences for the euro and the world economy. Even if the more likely immediate prospect is sustained stress in the Italian bond market, that will surely prompt investors to flee European assets, making the continent’s recovery ever harder. Meanwhile in the background there is the absurd pantomime of Barack Obama and congressional Republicans feuding over how to raise the federal government’s debt ceiling to stave off an American “default” (see article). That may have distracted American investors briefly; once they realise how much is at stake in Italy, it will not help.

From Rome to Brussels, Frankfurt and Berlin
The proximate cause of this week’s scare lies in Italian politics, and a row in which Silvio Berlusconi, the prime minister, hurled playground insults at Giulio Tremonti, the finance minister, over a new austerity budget. Add in the underlying concerns about the Italian economy’s feeble growth rate, and investors are understandably worried about the Italian government’s ability to shoulder its huge debt.

In theory, these concerns should be easy for a grown-up government to address. After all, Italy, for all its faults, is not a big Greece. Its debt burden has been high but stable for years. Its primary budget (ie, before interest payments) is in surplus. It has a record of cutting spending and raising taxes if it needs to do so: in 1997, when it was trying to get into the euro, its primary surplus was 6% of GDP. By European standards its banks are decently capitalised. High private saving means that much sovereign borrowing is funded at home.

In practice, though, there is seldom a clear line between illiquidity and insolvency: if the price Italy must pay to borrow rises high enough for long enough, its debt will eventually spiral out of control. And Italy’s prospects are being overwhelmed by the contradictions and uncertainties in Brussels, Frankfurt and Berlin, where respectively the Eurocrats, the European Central Bank (ECB) and Germany’s chancellor, Angela Merkel, have all vainly tried to follow two contradictory goals—namely, avoiding any formal default on Greek debt, while also avoiding an open-ended transfer from richer European countries to the insolvent periphery (see article).
To be fair to Mrs Merkel and Europe’s other leaders, they have not chosen to muddle through merely out of cowardice, though there has been plenty of that, but because the euro-zone countries are profoundly divided. They cannot agree on who should bear the cost of today’s crisis: should it be creditors (through a write-down), debtors (through austerity) or the Germans (through transfers to the south)? And they have not decided whether the long-term answer is a fiscal union, or not. Investors are thus unclear about how badly they may be hit. With Europeans in such a muddle over little Greece, no wonder investors are so terrified by big Italy.
Cometh the hour, cometh the Eurobond
What is to be done? This newspaper has long argued that muddling-through must be replaced by a comprehensive strategy based on three components: debt reduction for plainly insolvent countries; a recapitalisation of the European banks that will suffer from that restructuring; and the building of a firewall between the insolvent and the rest.
Debt reduction must begin with Greece, the country that is most obviously bust. However the restructuring is pitched, Greece will be in default, so a plan to recapitalise banks hit badly by this, starting with Greece’s own, will be needed too. The results of stress tests, due on July 15th, should show how much more help is required. There may have to be a similar restructuring for Portugal and Ireland.

Explore our interactive guide to Europe's troubled economies

The task of building a firewall around the solvent core, including Spain and Italy, has to be shared between the countries at risk and the euro zone as a whole. Italy needs to pass its budget speedily—and also push through long overdue structural reforms. Its challenges are not only, or even mainly, about fiscal austerity, but about making the economy grow. As for the euro zone, short-term help may have to come from the ECB buying Italian bonds (difficult politically because the next head of the ECB will be Mario Draghi, the boss of Italy’s central bank). Soon though the euro zone may well have to expand the EFSF and allow it to issue jointly guaranteed “Eurobonds”.
That is a huge political leap—especially for Mrs Merkel. Germany is firmly opposed to any solution that could imply open-ended transfers to feckless southerners; so are several other northern European countries, not least because guaranteeing others may raise their own borrowing costs. It is not a pleasant option. But the alternative could be the end of the euro. That is the horrible lesson of this week.

Operations management

How do businesses co-ordinate the flow of material from suppliers to factories to customers? How do they decide what to produce within their factory? How do airlines schedule their complex systems, or theme parks manage queues? How do hospitals plan capacity and schedule their beds? These are the types of problems addressed in the field of operations management (OM).

• 

Formally, operations management is the production and distribution of goods and services. It includes not only the direct questions posed above but also broader topics, such as when to outsource, when to offshore, how to develop new products and services and how to manage suppliers.
OM is the basis of competitiveness and the generation of wealth. It represents a significant portion of any society’s economic activities. Understanding how to manage it is the key to development. Advanced societies such as America—despite impressions to the contrary—are responsible for a significant amount of global output in manufacturing and this is the basis of their high standards of living. Less wealthy counties, on the other hand, are in such a position because they are yet to develop the same level of skills in manufacturing and services. In order for these societies to develop, they must invest in manufacturing and service operations to provide a mechanism for creating jobs and raising standards of living.
If notions of societal competitiveness seem too abstract, the role of OM at a business level underscores the importance of the field. Capabilities in operations are often the basis of competitive advantage in the marketplace, as numerous examples show. BMW and Apple, two companies known for their innovative products, have unique capabilities in how they design, develop and bring new products to market.
The field has evolved to deal with some important issues that have arisen lately. One challenge is how to manage operations in light of the explosion in computer power. Today’s technologies allow us to change prices rapidly based on the most recent demand patterns and stock levels. How to manage this and make pricing decisions is now an important concern.
But the most significant issue today is how to source in a global environment: whether to offshore operations to China or India; whether to own your own production assets or to outsource them; and how to co-ordinate with overseas companies. These are complex and controversial issues. Operations management provides a framework and approach to discuss them.
Donald B Rosenfield: Senior lecturer in operations management and director of the Leaders for Global Operations Programme at the MIT Sloan School of Management 

اسرار وخفايا تجاره الذهب

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

العمل بتجارة الذهب تكتنفه اسرار كثيرة قل ما تجدها منشورة في بوست أو كتاب
فما رأيكم تستقطعوا جزءً يسيرا من وقتكم لتعرفوا قليلا عن هذه المهنة ....فتخوضوا هذه التجارة بمراراتها وحلوها وسرها وعلنها

ثق أنك ستكون أمهر من أي تاجر فيها ولن يخدعك أي تاجر ذهب سواء كنت بايعا أو مشتريا للذهب، بل ستكون أكثر يقينا بعد اجراء أي عملية تخص هذا المعدن النفيس " جن الحريم وسالب إراداتهن وقصدت التفصيل فيها لتتم المعرفة كاملة حتى لا تقع في شراك وحيل ضعاف النفوس من العاملين بها.

وسآخذكم خطوة بخطوة حتى تصبحوا تجارا للذهب (بدراية ومعرفة) أو على الأقل تلموا بمعلومة عنه وقبل أن أبدأ أنبهكم لخطورة التجارة بهذا الصنف من الناحية الشرعية إلا لمن وفقه الله وحفظه....

أولا الترخيص:
يجب أن تختار محلا يكون قريبا للمراقبة الأمنية ثم عليك تجهيز المحل بعمل حزام حديدي لجدران مبنى المحل يكون كتغليف للجدران من الداخل بألواح حديدية سماكة 4ملم..وفي الآخر يكون المحل في شكل صندوق حديد... ثم يتم بعد ذلك تغليف المحل من الداخل بالديكور الخشبي وبقية الزينة التي تراها من الداخل وأنت بالمحل..... ويجب أن تكون الأبواب من الحديد الثقيل والأقفال كهربائية وبأرقام سرية ... ثم إكمالا للناحية الأمنية يجب تركيب جرس انذار، وتزويد المحل بطفايات الحريق وجرادل الرمل الحمراء – بعد ذلك عليك إحضار ميزان الكتروني معتمد من هيئة الموازين... وتتم معايرة هذا الميزان كل سنة بالهيئة لضمان استمرار دقته....ثم إحضار شهادة من إدارة الجودة النوعية ثم رخصة بمزاولة تلك المهنة من وزارة التجارة وعليك الاشتراك في الغرفة التجارية لاعتماد الأختام والفواتير والأوراق الرسمية ثم ترخيص من البلدية وشهادة من الدفاع المدني وشهادة من الشرطة بتضمين المحل في الحراسة والمراقبة الأمنية ثم رخصة الزكاة والدخل.

بعدها تبدأ بشراء الذهب
كمية من الغوائش كمية من الاختام وكمية من العقود والطقوم وكمية من الاساور والحلقان والدلايات وعلب المجوهرات ومعدات العرض وسنأتي لذكر كل ذلك بالتفصيل.

الذهب:
عيار 24 ..... عبارة عن ذهب عيار 24قيراط 24 Carat Gold ( ويقصد به الذهب الصافي ... ويطلق عليه اسم السبيكة):
بما أن الذهب لا يمكن الاستفادة منه لوحده منفردا الا اذا كان في شكل سبيكة- والسبيكة (Alloy) عادة هي الناتج من خلط معدن مع معدن آخر ....فالسبيكة التي نراها من الذهب ليست خالصة فهي ذهب بنسبة 99% فقط والواحد في المائة المتبقي يكون عبارة عن معدن آخر مثل الفضة أو الزئبق أو النحاس أو الحديد.

عيار 21 (21 Carat Gold):
هو سبيكة من الذهب يكون الكيلو منها يحتوي على 850 جرام ذهب صافي والباقي (150 جرام) من الزئبق (كما في السعودية) أو من الفضة أو من النحاس ( كما في الذهب المصري) أو من الحديد (الذهب السوداني الأول) ولذلك نجد أن هناك ختم stamp بهذا الرقم (850) في أي قطعة ذهب تنتمي لهذا العيار وهذا الختم يعني أن هذا الذهب هو عيار (21) وفي جميع الاحوال عند شرائنا "كتجار" للذهب القديم من العميل فاننا نهتم فقط بهذه الـ 850 جرام الصافية من الذهب في الكيلو فما عداها يعتبر اسكراب ...وعادة ندفع عند شرائنا للذهب السعودي القديم أكثر مما ندفعه عند شرائنا الذهب القديم المستعمل المصري أو السوداني .... مع أن نسبة الذهب فيها جميعا متساوية (850 جرام ذهب في كل واحد كيلو ) ولكن لأن عملية فرز الذهب عن المعدن في الذهب السعودي أسهل (فكما قلنا أن السبيكة يتم تكوينها من الذهب مع معدن آخر) فنحن سنستفيد فقط من ذلك الجزء الخالص (الـ 850 جرام /الكيلو) فنعاني من عملية فصله من معدن السبيكة ..ولأن أجهزة الفرز المتوفرة هنا تناسب فقط للمعدن المستعمل في السبيكة حسب المواصفات السعودية ....فيكون بذلك فصل النحاس أو الحديد أصعب أو شبه مستحيل .....لذلك يتدنى سعر الذهب السوداني القديم وقد لا يشتريه أحد هنا وما ذلك الا لصعوبة فصل المعدن (الحديد) المستعمل في صنع السبيكة عيار 21السبيكة...... وعادة تميل سبيكة الذهب المخلوط بالحديد أكثر للسواد بعد لبسه...

أما كيف تعرف أن هذه المشغولة أو الحلية هي ( عيار 21 ) فعليك أن تدقق بالمكبر لترى الرقم المكتوب (850 أو أحيانا تجد مكتوبا 21) داخل الحلية الملبوسة....فهي مكتوبة حتى في الخاتم الصغير الخاص بالمواليد (في عصا الخاتم من الداخل)ومنذ هذه اللحظة يمكنك الآن معرفة هل هذا ذهب أو هو فضة مدهونة بالذهب وذلك من خلال الكتابة .....فالفضة يكون مكتوبا عليها من الداخل (925) ومن المتبع نظاما أن على كل صاحب ورشة معتمدة طباعة اسمه على مشغولاته فيمكنك رؤية ذلك الاسم المختوم والتحقق منه باستعمال المكبر البصري وهو مثل نظارة الساعاتي... واذا تعذر عليك معرفة الحقيقة (ذهب أم غير ذهب) فتلجأ للحامض (حامض الكبريتيك H2SO4 وبالدارجي موية النار) فلو كان المعدن المشغول غير ذهب فان لونه سوف يتحول الى اللون الاسود بعد لحظات من تعريض المادة المشكوك فيها إلى الحمض الناري..... بينما يزداد بريقا ولمعانا لو كان ذهبا... أو يمكنك اللجوء الى تعريضها الى النار.... فالنار تجلي الذهب وتسوّد المعادن الأخرى.... وفي حالة العدم تستعمل الرنين ...وهو صوت الذهب ..فالذهب عند اسقاطه على جسم صلب يحدث رنينا كالصليل بينما المعادن الأخرى تحدث صوتا فيه تختخة... وبعد الممارسة أو التكرار يمكنك معرفة الذهب من لمسه ووزنه ومن شكله.

عيار 18
هذا النوع من الذهب عادة تشتهر به ايطاليا وهو من أصعب المشغولات وحيث أن كمية الذهب الموجودة فيه قليلة فانك تجد أن جميع المشغولات الجميلة الجذابة هي عيار 18 حيث يسهل التشكيل...فالسبيكة هنا أكثر تماسكا مما يؤدي الى ثبات الزركشة عليه وتطويعه بدون أن يؤدي ذلك إلى كسره.... ولهذا السبب (الثبات) يتفننون في تشكيلاته.... ودائما زبائن هذا النوع من الذهب هم العرسان (لأنهم ما جاريين وراء الربح ولكن بعد ما يجيبوا شوية عيال يحرِّمون على الذهب عيار 18 دخوله بيوتهم). والذهب عيار 18 عادة يكون مختوما برقم 750 فقط ( وأحيانا تجد كلمة عيار 18) ودائما تستغل القوالب المستعملة في صناعة المشغولات من هذا العيار (بعد نهاية استخدامه وانقضاء فترة موديله) يستعمل في صنع الاكسسوارات (التقليد) فقالب الذهب هنا لا يُرمى به في سلة المهملات بل يباع لصناعة الاكسسوارات... وفي هذا العيار نجد أن مجال الفاقد من الذهب قليل جدا....وهناك ميزة أخرى لهذا العيار وهي أنه يتقبل تركيب الفواريز (الزركون) والسولتير ولكن انتبه فانك عند بيعه مستعملا تخسر كثيرا (تخسر عند تكسير افلفواريز وتخسر لقلة نسبة الذهب الموجود في هذا العيار ) حيث سيتم تكسير تلك الفواريز ويحسب الصافي على أن الكيلو 750 جرام وليس الكيلو 850 كما في عيار 21 .

العيارات الأخرى :
كان يوجد في الماضي كما أخبرونا عيار 16 وعيار 14 وهذا قد انتهى عهده

عيار 22 :
هذا العيار يستعمله الهنود ومواطنو شرق آسيا ونسبة الذهب هي 875 جرام في الكيلو الواحد ويوجد اليوم كثير من السلاسل عيار 22 وغالبا ما تكون صناعته انجليزية.

معظم الصناعيين المهرة درسوا بايطاليا وحتى هذا اليوم تعتبر ايطاليا هي اشهر الدول في صناعة القوالب لصنع المجوهرات وماكينات الصياغة ومعظم الصاغة المشهورين (Goldsmith & Designers) درسوا بايطاليا ومنهم الصائغ السوداني يوسف نصر الله الذي قيل أنه صنع سيف الملك عبد العزيز يرحمه الله ... وقيل أنه كان يصنع كثيرا من مشغولات الهدايا الملكية.... وبايطاليا نظام دراسي خاص بالناحية الفنية لصناعة المجوهرات ومخارط الذهب والقوالب.

الاستعمال :
المرأة الشرقية مشهورة بشراء الغوائش (Bangles) والأسورة (Bracelets) عكس المرأة الغربية التي تهتم فقط بالسلاسل (Chains) والقلادات (Necklaces) واحيانا يطلقون عليها اسم الشبرية .... والأختام (Rings) والحلق (Earrings) والخليجيون يطلقون عليها اسم "الخماخم" وتشتهر المرأة الخليجية أيضا باستعمال المرامي (Wedding rings or Finger rings) وهي عبارة عن حلقات مزركشة أقل سماكة من الدبلة وتلبس المرأة منها 6 حبات في الأصبع البنصر الأيمن و6 في الأيسر ولحسن الحظ فان المرأة السودانية لا تستعمل هذه المرامي حيث تكتفي فقط بدبلة واحدة .....وتهتم جدا المرأة الخليجية بالزمام على ألا يكون لون الفاروزة (الفص) أحمر ......وتحبه كذلك المرأة الهندية والباكستانية.... وتختلف المرأة الهندية بأنها تستعمل أكبر كمية من الخواتم..... فأنت كتاجر تفرح كثيرا عندما تدخل المرأة الهندية الى المحل فهي ستلبس 16 خاتما في أصابع اليد وفي أصابع الرجل بالاضافة الى الحجل إذ مازال يستعمل عندهم.... أما الفلبينية فتحب الانسيالات (الاساور السائبة) وليست الواقفة (السواراتStanding Bracelets) وتهتم جدا بعيار 18 لجودة مصنعيته وتشكيلته ....فهي عادة لا تلجا الى بيع مقتنياتها من الذهب ...لذلك تهتم بالناحية الجمالية أكثر... وهي تحب الخاتم الرقيق الناعم والدبلات والسلاسل الناعمة وحيث أن بيع الصليب ممنوع فانهم يتحايلون ويطلبون الألعاب التي تكون فيها أشكال الطائرات....حيث أن الطائرة تشبه الصليب... ومن أعظم الهدايا لديهم هي هدية صليب من الذهب.... أما الخاتم الرجالي المصنوع من الذهب فممنوع ولكن أكثر طالبيه هم من أخواننا الأقباط المصريين والواحد منهم مستعد أن يدفع فيه ما تريد على أن يكون وزن الخاتم على الأقل 10 جرام (وزن غويشة) وهتاك بعض المسلمين جه يطلبون هذا النوع من الخواتم.

عندما تدخل المرأة الغربية الى محل الذهب تكون عادة تحمل معها شيئا ثمينا..... حجرا ثمينا... عقيق أو زمرد... فتطلب تغليفه بالذهب... ويميلون دائما الى اللون الأخضر كفاروزة تزين الخاتم أو السوار ... وكثير منهن يطلبن عقود الذهب المزينة بالياقوت أو اللؤلؤ.... ولكن عند بيع عقد الؤلؤ فانك تخسر كثيرا....حيث تخسر أكثر من 3/4 سعره الأصلي ...ومشغولات اللؤلؤ تباع عادة بفاتورة محددٌ بها وزن اللؤلؤ ووزن الذهب ....و يمكنك شراء مشغولات اللؤلؤ بغير فاتورة اذا كنت تحب المجازفة...ولكن للضمان عليك شراء حتى الذهب بفاتورة خوفا من الحرام.

المرأة الخليجية أو معظمهن يلبسن 12 غويشة في اليمين و12 غويشة في اليسار ويتكون جهاز العروس من الغوائش 24 حبة والأختام 6 ومن الطقم 1 أو 2 وزن 80 الى 100 جرام ومن البشت 1 قد يصل وزنه الى 500 جرام والحزام والكرافتة والهامة والتاج والكف والبروش والساعة بالاضافة الى طقم (اكسسوار عادة يكون فضي اللون) في حدود 2000 ريال والحلقان..... وبالطبع نتوقع حضور هذه العروس نفسها العام القادم لتجديد تلك الغوائش بموديل جديد وفي كل جرام قديم تكسب وفي الجديد تكسب (تاجر الذهب منشار طالع ونازل ياكل).

المرأة السودانية تحب الذهب المشغول على الطريقة الحبشية خاصة الخواتم والغويشات (لآن اثيوبيا كانت مستعمرة ايطالية) فهم مشهورون كصياغ ويجيدون اللغة الايطالية .... فالمصنوعات على الطريقة الحبشية تكون ذات مصنعية عالية القيمة ... وأخيرا لجأت المراة السودانية الى المشغولات الخليجية البحرينية والامارتية ....وتم جلب معظم القوالب الى المملكة فتسمع (بحريني سعودي أو خليجي سعودي) وقد لاقى ذلك الانتقال رواجا كبيرا.... وهناك دقات (نقشات) خاصة تسمى دقة حجازية (فكلمة دقة يقصدون بها نقشة) وهي أغلى من دقات الرياض... ومن أجود وأحلى الذهب هو المشغولات التركية فهي ثقيلة الوزن وجيدة الصقل وتميل الى اللون الأصفر المائل الى اللون البرونزي فهي تظل ثابتة في المظهر الذي اشتريتها عليه طوال فترة الاستعمال ويفضل دائما أن تكون الحلقان من المشغولات على الطريقة التركية فهي متماسكة وثقيلة الوزن وتميل إلى شرائها طالبات المدارس (ثقيلة في الوزن وصغيرة في الحجم).

وتتفاوت أوزان الغوائش بالنسبة للمرأة من 5 جرامات إلى 15 جرام للغويشة الواحدة فالنقشات العادية متوسط وزن الغويشة هو 9 جرامات أما متوسط وزن الغويشة المشغولة فأكثر من 12 جرام ..... وتتفاوت تلك الأوزان حسب مقاس اليد فمقاس يد الطفلة من 8 الي 9 ومقاس المرأة يبدأ من 13 وحتى مقاس 21 أو أحيانا 22 ولكن المقاس الغالب في يد المراة السودانية هو 19 ومنهن من يحبذ مقاسات أكبر ..... أما أوزان الحلق فيتراوح ما بين 2 جرام إلى 9 جرامات واذا كان الذهب تركيا فوزن الحلق قد يصل إلى 15 جرام ..... أما أوزان السلاسل فمن 8 جرامات إلى 100جرام ....فنكتفي بهذه التقديرات في هذا الجانب حيث المقصود إعطاء فكرة عامة .....ويمكنك للمزيد من المعلومات مكاتبة محلات المجوهرات الكبرى في العالم حيث تتوفر مجلات واصدارات متجددة وكذلك هناك كتب كثيرة في هذا المجال ..خاصة مجال تصميم قوالب نقشات الذهب ..... وهذه دعوة إلى أخواننا بكلية الفنون الجميلة إلى الاهتمام بالنقوش على المجوهرات فنحن نعرف الآن ان جل اهتمامهم منصبٌ على النقوش والزركشة في مجال النسيج وأغلفة الكتب والمجلات.... وليت وزارتنا المختصة بالصناعة تهتم بتطوير هذا الجانب ....المستورد بالكامل من الخارج فكرا ونقوشا وتسويقا....

وكانت المرأة السودانية أيضا تمتاز بشراء (احفظ مالك) وكأنه اختراع سوداني ...تستعمله السودانية وحدها ويعجب به كثير من الجاليات.. وتستعمل أيضا الدولار.... وأمهاتنا كبار السن يطلبن دائما خاتم جورج (دق الجنيه) وبعضهن يتسابر به وللشرع في ذلك رأي (لوجود الصورة عليه) واستبدل أخيرا بالريال حيث لا توجد به صورة بل توجد عليه كتابة فقط. وتميل المرأة السودانية الى شراء الغويشات العريضة الخالية من الفتحات خوفا من الغبار او دخول رواسب خاصة اذا كانت من النوع الذي يعمل بالمطبخ.... و تميل أيضا الى شراء الدرامات وغالبا ما تشتري الخواتم العريضة كذلك مثل خاتم البوبار ذو الفاروزة الكبيرة والأجنحة المتعددة ...ومعظم التسميات تاتي من الجالية السودانية ....فقد أصبح عاديا أن يناديك الصانع ويطلب منك اطلاق اسم لبضاعته من قالبه الجديد.

والمرأة السودانية والمصرية تحب أن تكون غويشاتها بمقاس كبير حتى تتمكن من خلعها عند الاشتغال بالبيت ولبسها عند اللزوم..... ويمكن تسليفها ...ولحسن الحظ ما فيش ايجار.... بالعكس من المرأة السعودية إذ تشتري الغويشة ضيقة حيث تلبسها بمساعدة طرف آخر بعد ان تتجرح يدها حتى لا تضطر الى خلعها.... وعند شرائنا لغويشاتها نقوم بقص الغويشات بالمقص الحديدي الكبير وهذا يلزمك الاتفاق معها على السعر واجادة الحوار الذي يتبع ذلك ... قبل القص .... إذ يترتب عليه مكسبك أو خسارتك.

والنساء السعوديات خاصة كبار السن يحبذن نوعا معينا من الغويشات تسمى دقة عبد الغني وهي شديدة الصفار ثقيلة الوزن .. نحن نميل دائما الى شرائها هي بالذات لسهولة مخارجتها والدستة منها تساوي 4 دستات من النوع العادي وعبد الغني هذا تاجر ذهب كبير في السعودية (عبد الغني ميرزا) مازال أولاده يحافظون على هذه المشغولات بعد وفاته.

أخواتنا السوريات والشاميات في الغالب يحبذن شراء الطقوم المصنوعة من السلاسل الحلبي سلسل ودلاية وسوار وخاتم وحلق كلها على طراز السلسل الحلبي (سلسل ذو حبات عريضة تتشابك مع بعضها بدون وجود عروات) وهذا أصبح مرغوبا أيضا لدى السودانية كما تحبذ السوارة المعلق بها ألعاب (مفتاح ، ضفدع، دلة، فنجال، طائرة، طبلة ...الخ) والسورية لا تميل الى شراء الغويشات.

بعض الناس من الجنسيات الأخرى يشترون الذهب للاستثمار لذلك يلجأون الى شراء السبائك من المحلات أو من البنوك 8 جرام، 25 جرام، 50 جرام، 100 جرام وسعرها يقارب السعر المعلن للآونصة عالميا مع اضافة مصنعية فقط والقليل من الهامش الربحي وعند بيعها نشتريها نحن بالمحلات شريطة أن تكون غير مفتوحة من تلبيستها (الكيس) والسبيكة تداولها خطر .... حيث انها ليست قوية لقلة نسبة المعدن المقوِّي الثاني في السبيكة لذا قد تتعرض للكسر والفقد في الوزن لذلك يجب الحفاظ على كيسها المشتراة فيه.

أكثر العملاء تدقيقا في عيوب الذهب هم المصريون ....دائما نكتشف الخلل والعطب من خلالهم فهم دقيقون عند الشراء. (هذا غير مستقيم،،،، هذه أكثر خشونة من أختها ..... هذه ينقصها فاروزة......الخ)

تحديد سعر الجرام عند سماعك لسعره العالمي من النشرة الاقتصادية:
قبل أن تذهب الى الصاغة كي تشتري أو تبيع استمع الى النشرة الاقتصادية فستسمع أن الأونصة مثلا 800 دولار ...يعني سعر 30جرام صافية عيار 24 هو 800 دولار (لان الاونصة تساوي تقريبا 30 جراما) فنحسب كم سعر الكيلو 1000 جرام وعشان نجيب سعر الكيلو عيار 21 نشوف سعر 850 جرام كم (حيث أننا سنستعمل فقط 850 ذهب في كل كيلو) وبعد ذلك نحول الناتج الى الريال بسعر الدولار ونضيف 2 ريال للجرام اذا كان ما سنشتريه غوائش بالاضافة الى 2 ريال كربح للمحل (وذلك عن كل جرام) ولو كنت ستشتري خاتما تضيف 4 ريال مصنعية بالاضافة الى 2 ريال ربحا للمحل ولو طقما تضيف 6 ريال + 2 ريال ربح المحل ولو بحرينيا أو خليجيا تضيف 8 ريال مصنعية ولو نلامط أننا نضيف دائما 2 ريال في كل جرام كربح للمحل)...أما اذا اردت شراء ذهب بمصنعية حبشية تضيف 13 ريال مصنعية (غويشة او خاتم أو درام) ولو كانت الصناعة تركية تضيف 8 ريال ولا تنس وضع الاعتبار للزركون وهو نوع من زجاج الزينة الملون ستفقده عند بيع الذهب كرجيع (ويسمى كسر بكسر السين) ....أو اذا لم تعجبك هذه الطريقة أو عجزت عن متابعة سعر الذهب عالميا فيمكنك الذهاب مباشرة الى محلات شراء وبيع الذهب وتسأل عن سعر (الجرام الكسر) وهو الذهب القديم... وتضع في مخك أنه يجب أن تضيف لذلك السعر المعطى اسعار المصنعية التي ذكرناها أعلاه.... أما أنا بالذات أفضل عند شرائي الذهب لأسرتي من أجل الاستعمال أفضل أن أشتري غوائش ...لانك عند بيعها تفقد فقط 2 ريال المصنعية و1 ريال كربح للمشتري.... وكصاحب محل أفضل أن اشتري باستمرار ولا أفضل البيع... وهذا يتوقف على كمية السيولة المتوفرة لديك.

للتأكد من جودة الذهب الذي اشتريته ومطابقته للمواصفات التي على ضوئها اشتريت الذهب يمكنك الرجوع الى شيخ السوق ومنه ستحصل على التطمين اللازم على ما اشتريته... بما أن معظم العملاء أو الزبائن من النساء فانه يتوفر في السوق ما يطلق عليه الشرطة النسائية وهن معروفات لدى الباعة ويتم أولا اللجوء اليهن في حالات المخالفة حيث معظم العملاء محجبات... ومساعدة رجال المن كانت هي وستظل الداعم والمساند في توفير و استمرارية الهدوء والطمانينة بالسوق بالنسبة للتاجر وبالنسبة للعميل .... ليس كل من يدخل محلا للمجوهرات مشتر او بائع ففي كثير من الأحيان يتسلل اللصوص فمعرفة الوجوه مهم جدا .... وفي تجارة الذهب تشتهر ظاهرة الدلاليات فلو كنت تاجرا محظوظا وتحصلت على 3 دلاليات فقط فأنت لا تحتاج الى زبون بالمحل.

تاجر الذهب إذا اشترى أنبوبة غاز وعدة لحام بالمحل يمكن ان يستغني عن بيع الذهب فعندئذ تتوفر لديه مهنة فن التلحيم...وأهم ما فيها هو "التعجيم" والمقصود به تلحيم الفتحات الموجودة في عروات السلاسل والطقوم حتى تكتمل دائرة العروة .... وعملية تضييق وتوسيع الخواتم والغوائش وتشبيك ما انقطع وما انفرط من عقود ....ولكن احيانا لايسمح بالتلحيم في المحل.... واحيانا لا تتمكن نتيجة الزحمة من مزاولتها ....فانت كمشتر احرص على شراء السلسل أو الطقم معجَّما ...وانت كتاجر أو كملحِّم فانك في كل عروة يتم تعجيمها تكسب 7 ريال فلو عجَّمت طقما او بشتاً به 100 عروة تحصل على 700 ريال خلال اليوم في حين انك تخسر جراما واحدا في التلحيم..أما ذهب التلحيم فمعروف وهو سبيكة معينة تشرتيها بمفردها مع مادة التثبيت وشوية موية نار ...فعيار 21 له لحام خاص يختلف من سبيكة الذهب المستخدمة للحام عيار18 والا اختلف اللون ...ويمكنك أيضا القيام بمهمة طلاء اكسسوارات...حيث تكسب من طلاء الجرام 5 ريال وطلاء الساعات والنظارات والاسنان.... بعض العملاء يحبذون شراء الذهب المستعمل (نقوم بشراء الذهب القديم وتجميعه كي نبيعه لنشتري الجديد) ففي هذه الحالة نقوم بغلي الذهب بالماء وبها صابون تايد لمدة 30 دقيقة فتزول جميع الاوساخ ويعود الذهب كما لو كان جديدا أو تتركه في صابون التايد في الماء العادي لمدة 24 ساعة .... وبعض العملاء يلجأون عندما ينوون بيع الذهب إلى تعطينه في الزيت ليتراكم الغبار عليه ويزداد وزنه 0نوع من الغش ....ولكن لا تنطلي هذه المكيدة على التاجر الحصيف) ...وعليك تقدير وزن تلك الأوساخ ووضعها في الاعتبار...فنلجأ الى الغسيل والغلي لمعرفة دقة تقديرك لتلك الاوساخ.... نعم يأتي عملاء من هذا النوع.... ويأتي عملاء يطلبون الذهب المستعمل ...لا ضير في استعمال الذهب بعد غسله وهذا شرعي ..فالشرع يهتم بالوزن وليس بالمصنعية.... والذهب المستعمل يكون دائما أرخص وأحيانا كثيرة مثل الكرافتات الذهبية يلجأ الناس الى شرائها مستعملة لغلائها وهي جديدة .... وكذلك الهامات والتيجان.

صناعة الذهب:
تكمن أسرار الذهب في صناعته..... فالتاجر الكبير تاجر الجملة .....يشتري الذهب الصافي من البنوك في شكل سبائك بكميات كبيرة....ويقوم بتسليمها الى مدير الورشة ليتم استلام نفس الوزن منه مصنَّعاً مع وزن الزجاج (الفواريز..مفردها فاروزة وليس فازورة) وتكمن الشطارة هنا في ادخال تلك الفواريز والمعدن المستعمل في السبيكة... ودائما يكون مهندس الورشة هو الشخص المهم ويتم المحافظة عليه وتدليعه مع مراقبته لضمان عدم تسريب القالب ....وهو من أكثر الوظائف علوا في الأجر... وهم نادرون ...وعلى درجة عالية من العلم والمعرفة وقد يكون أحدهم يحمل درجة الدكتوراة في التصميم والهندسة.... والعامل يلبس ملابس خاصة يخلعها عند الخروج ليتم غسلها في نهاية اليوم أو الأسبوع في حوض خاص تجمع منه رواسب الغسيل لتنقيتها واستخلاص الذهب المتناثر اثناء التصنيع.... قد تكون الورشة بأكملها متخصصة في نوع واحد من الأصناف...... خواتم مثلا وتسمى (النواعم) وقد تكون مختلطة حسب امكانية التاجر وحسب بمقدرته في احضار الفني في كل مجال ومن أشهر الورش ورشة عبد الغني في الغويشات وورشة شلوي في النواعم وورشة طيبة والعثيم والرميزان والعطير وباكرمان والعمودي ويتبع للورشة نظام متكامل من الحسابات قد يصل تعدادهم الى خمسين موظفا او اكثر... فتجد واحدا متخصصا في مدخلات الذهب القديم وآخر في الجديد وآخر في النواعم وآخر في الغويشات.....الخ بالاضافة الى قسم الميزانية والزكاة .... ويتبع للورشة نظام قانوني من مستشارين ومدراء للتسويق والمشتريات وموقعها مراقب أمنيا ومجهز بجميع اجهزة السلامة.

ارتباط العملات بالذهب:
لا أستطيع التحدث كثيرا في هذا المجال ولكن ما أعرفه هو أن الدول تربط عملاتها بالذهب لعدم تأثره بالمتغيرات البيئية ولكونه المعدن الثمين والمحبب أكثر لدى الناس ... ومن أكثر الدول انتاجا للذهب جنوب أفريقيا وروسيا... وما الزيادة الجنونية الأخيرة في أسعار الذهب الا بسبب دولة الصين ولكن كيف ذلك فلا أعرف .....فقد يكون نتيجةلازدياد مبيعات الصين ونموها الاقتصادي السريع مما دعاها الى السعي إلى تكديس الذهب في خزانتها لمقابلة هذه الايرادات الكبيرة من تجارتها.... وما اكتشاف الامريكتين واستراليا ونيوزيلاند الا من اجل الذهب وقد يكون السبب في زيارة القمر هو ايضا الذهب.

وقد يزداد سعر الذهب نتيجة التغير في السوق المحلي مثل الزيادة التي نلحظها في موسم الحج .... فهذه الزيادة محلية فقط ومحدودة ومربوطة بمناسبة محلية أو اقليمية ولا علاقة لها بالسوق العالمي.

ونلاحظ دائما انتشار الذهب المغشوش في مواسم الحج أثناءه وبعده..... فيجب الانتباه ...وذلك نتيجة لكثرة وتنوع الوفود العديدة التي تحضر الى المملكة من شتى أنحاء العالم .

خطورة تجارة الذهب من الناحية الشرعية:
الأمر سهل جدا ولكن في معظم الأحيان لا يساعد العميلُ التاجرَ على التزام الشرع .... فالعميل يدخل المحل بذهبه القديم ويعرض عليك شراءه ويشترط عليك سعرا باهظا مقابل القديم ليبيعه كي يشتري منك الجديد .....وهذا حرام قطعا ... فالحلال هو أن تبيع القديم بمحل وتشتري الجديد من محل آخر..... أو تستلم النقود ثمنا للقديم ...ثم تخرج من المحل و تعود مرة أخرى الى نفس المحل الذي بعت فيه الذهب القديم .....بشرط ألا تكون قد أخبرت التاجر بأنك ستشتري ذهبا آخر جديدا ... ولكن من يضمن لك عودته إذا خرج فان التماسيح ينتظرونه بالخارج ويخطفوه..... وهنا تحدث المغالبة ويظهر الايمان....لا ضير ان لم يشترط العميل أو لو اشترى الجديد ثم بعد ذلك باعك القديم.... فهنا بالذات لا يساعدك العميل على اتباع الشرع ونادرا هم الذين يفهمون ذلك .... ومن الحرمة ايضا في شراء الذهب أن يأتي اليك عميل ويشتري منك جهاز عروسته أو جهاز أخته مثلا بأكثر من 80 ألفا فيكون لديه فقط 75 الف ويكتب لك شيكا بالباقي أو يلتزم باحضار هذا الباقي البسيط فيما بعد...وأنت تعرفه فقد يكون أخاك شقيقك أو صديقك أو أخ كفيلك... سيعود لك بالباقي بعد ساعة أو ساعتين أو يكتب لك شيكا بكامل المبلع....فهذا حرام ...فإما ان يدفع لك الثمن كاملا نقدا أو تعفي له أنت الباقي من الثمن وهنا تلزمك الفاتورة في المحاسبة واجراءات إخراج الزكاة .... وقليل من يفهم ذلك وكثير من يزعل ....فالشرع يقول " الذهب يداً بيد"....ناولني الذهب باليمين أناولك الثمن نقدا باليسار ولا مجال للآجل أو للشيكات .... وحرامٌ بيع الذهب بالذهب وأخذ الفرق (المصنعية) فالجديد يتم شراؤه بمفرده والقديم يتم بيعه بمفرده ولا مجال في الشريعة لشيء اسمه مصنعية.... هذا بالإضافة إلى تلك الإغراءات التي يواجهها التاجر في حالات الذهب المسروق وكم من الحالات في جرائم المخدرات ساعد فيها التاجر الصائغ (ضعيف الايمان) أو الذي لا يدري واللبيب بالإشارة يفهم... وفي تجارة الذهب قوانين شرعية كثيرة منها عدم فتح المحل أول التجار ولا آخرهم وهناك محاذير تخفى علينا كثيرة....لذلك هو ابتلاء يندر وجود من وفقه الله بتركه نهائيا وهو مرض ووله وبصراحة كذا لو أردت ألا تذوق طعما للريال أو معنى لقيمته اشتغل بالذهب .... وهناك مقولة بأن الشيطان يلازم الحرمة وأكثر ملازمة لها عند دخولها محل الذهب.... تجن الحريم وكثيرون هم من يستغلون هذا الجنون في الربح الفاحش وهذا قد يكون إلى حد ما واقعا نراه فعلا ولكن أنا أعزوه إلى غياب الوعي الديني وعدم الإلمام بمحاذير هذه التجارة .

بعض التجار أحيانا عندما يبيع بيعة كبيرة جهازا أو جهازين لعروس مثلا وتكون تلك العروس مليانة تقيلة يعني..والتاجر أخذ ضربته بالكامل .... نلقاهو قفل محله بعد البيعة وذهب وقفل الموبايل وكل وسائل الاتصال.... خايف يرجعو في البيعة....ينتظر الى الغد ويعود ويفتح المحل فلو حضر الزبون رادا البضاعة في اليوم التالي يُلزم الزبون ببيع الذهب الجديد على أساس أنه كسر وهذه قاعدة يساعدك فيها ما هو مكتوب على الفاتورة أو على ظهرها ... مع أنه لم يستعمل تلك البضاعة أو قد لا يكون فتحتها .... كل ذهب غير السبيكة يعتبر كسرا (ذهبا قديما ) حتى لو لم يلبسه ....بمجرد مغادرتك به للمكان فتحسم منه أجرة المصنعية ويتم شراؤه منك كما لو كان ذهبا قديما...وقد يقوم بتكسيره أمامك ليتم صهره من جديد ...وكذلك السبيكة اذا نزعت الكيس منها....

وفي الختام اقول يكفي هذا السوقَ فخرا أن تمَّت توعيتنا فيه الى خطورة العمل في تجارة الذهب من الناحية الشرعية ..... وتاجر الذهب يمر بابتلاءات كثيرة قل أن تجد من يتجاوزها بنجاح. ... لذلك كانت تعقد الندوات والمحاضرات وتوزع الكتيبات للتذكير والتوعية فعرفنا ما لنا وما علينا .... لتكون في الآخر أنت وضميرك وعلمك ....فأنت في الاخر لديك إمكانياتك وتعرف حدود مقدراتك على التحدي فيمكنك تحديد تلك القدرات على الالتزام باتباع ما أتى به الشرع في هذا الباب أو تركه..... وكان الأخير هو خياري الذي اخترته .....فجزى الله خيرا من يسهم في نشر الوعي بين الناس بخصوص هذه التجارة الخطيرة بالنسبة للتاجر وللعميل ..... فنحن في حاجة الى ندوات ومحاضرات بالسودان
لتنبيه التاجر والمواطن الى مثل هذه التشريعات الخاصة بتجارة الذهب (بيعه وشراؤه) حتى نضمن سلامة هذه التجارة من الناحية الشرعية وسلامة فهم من يعمل بها لما يوجبه عليه الشرع فيسلم في دنياه وفي آخرته. ونحن في حاجة ماسة إلى الانتباه إلى مجاراة العالم من حولنا في مجال هذه الصناعة الخطيرة والمهمة من جانب وزارة الصناعة ووزارة التجارة وكذلك التعليم الفني وكلية الفنون الجميلة.

لا يكفي أن تغنى بالذهب وللذهب ...يجب دخول معتركه وتذليل جميع العقبات التي تعتريه من الناحية الشرعية ومن الناحية الاقتصادية ومن ناحية التاجر ومن ناحية العميل.


الموضوع منقول لكي يتم توعيه المجتمع بكل ما يخص الذهب سواء تجار زبائن ,,,,